玉玺是御玺的俗称，正确、专业的称谓：宝玺。玉玺，专指皇帝的玉印，至高权力的象征，始于秦始皇。古代印、玺通称，以金或玉为之。玺始出于周，到了周朝才有玺和印之分，皇帝用的印叫玺，而臣民所用只能称为印。玉玺的称谓，盖是因为古代思想中帝王与天通，玉为天子的品质，故玉玺即为皇帝所用的印章。

The jade seal is commonly known as the imperial seal, the correct and professional title: Bao Xi. The jade seal refers to the jade seal of the emperor. The symbol of supreme power begins with Emperor Qin Shihuang. The ancient seal and seal were popularly known as gold or jade. The beginning of the imperial seal was from the Zhou Dynasty. When Zhou Zhaocai came to seal the seal and seal, the seal used by the emperor was called the seal. The name of the jade seal is due to the quality of emperors and heaven in ancient times, and jade is the quality of the emperor, so the jade seal is the seal used by the emperor.

中国最早的玉玺，是秦始皇的传国玺，此“玉”取于和氏璧的玉地，“玺”即为印信。这“和氏璧”上篆文曰“受命于天，既寿永昌”，后来便被历朝历代视为正统的象征，其后诸位皇帝也在登基之后开始雕刻自己的玉玺，以示皇权和威信。

The earliest imperial seal of China is the national seal of the first emperor of Qin. This jade is taken from the jade land of HISHI Bi, and the seal is the seal. On the "harmony", the seal script said "life in heaven, the life of Yongchang". Later, it was regarded as a symbol of orthodoxy in successive dynasties. After that, the emperors began to engrave their jade seals to show the imperial power and prestige.

玉玺的材质也很多，虽说皇帝的印章称作玉玺，但是质地上却不一定是玉的，很多朝代帝王的玉玺使用的的材质包括兽骨、铜、银、巴林石、寿山石、玛瑙等等。每个皇帝的玉玺不只是一枚，根据摄国之需，又分民政、财务、司法、兵事等等之“玺”。玉玺的造型多样，多为中国古代的神兽，诸如貔貅、耄耋、椒等，但龙型玉玺较为通用。

The material of the jade seal is also a lot. Although the emperor's seal is called the jade seal, the texture of the jade is not necessarily jade. The materials used in many emperors' imperial seals include animal bone, copper, silver, Balin Stone, Shoushan stone, agate and so on. Each emperor's jade seal is not only a piece, according to the needs of the state, but also divided into civil affairs, finance, justice, military affairs and so on. The shapes of the jade seals are varied, mostly for ancient Chinese gods and beasts, such as the brave, the old, the chili, and so on, but the dragon shaped jade seal is more general.

在新疆和田玉中，以颜色来说可以分别出以下几种：羊脂白玉和白玉,和田玉籽料青白玉,和田玉籽料 青翠,和田玉籽料黑青玉,和田玉籽料黄沁,和田玉山料糖玉,和田玉山料黄糖,和田玉山料红糖,和田玉籽料墨玉,和田玉黄口料,和田玉碧玉。

In Xinjiang and Tian Yuzhong, in color, the following are the following: the white jade and the white jade, the green white jade from the Tian Yu seed, the green of the field jade grain, the black jade from the field jade grain, the field jade grain, the yellow sugar jade, the yellow sugar of the Tian Yushan, the black sugar of the field jade grain, the field jade grain, the Yada yellowmouth, and the field. Jade and Jasper.

和田玉种类很多，其中羊脂白玉属于和田玉白玉中的优质品种，羊脂白玉是带着油脂光泽的纯白，在烛光之下的光晕是柔和而微微泛黄的，如同凝脂一般，羊脂白玉的子玉浸泡在昆仑山下荒原或绿洲的地下水土中千百万年，产量稀少价值很高。羊脂白玉晶莹洁白，细腻滋润而少瑕疵，“白如截肪”。其特点就是，特别的细腻、光亮、温润。上佳的羊脂白玉近于无瑕，好似刚刚割开的肥羊脂肪肉，而光泽正如凝炼的油脂。

There are many kinds of Hetian jade, and the white jade is a high quality variety in Hetian jade. The white jade is pure white with grease and luster. The light halo under the candlelight is soft and yellowing. It is like fat, and the son jade of the white jade is soaked in the ground water and soil of the Underland of the Kunlun Mountains or in the oasis for millions of years. The value of the quantity is very high. White jade is pure and white, delicate and moist, with few blemishes. Its characteristic is that it is exquisite, bright and warm. The best mutton white jade is almost flawless, just like the fat fat that has just been cut, and the luster is just like condensed oil.

羊脂白玉的鉴别要点必须满足五个方面，即质地纯、结构细、水头足、颜色羊脂白、油性重。羊脂玉油润细腻的质地，“色如截脂”的净白，“常如肥物所染”的光泽，符合中国传统文化含蓄的审美观念，不张扬，不艳丽，不耀眼，用一种“精光内蕴”的美。

The identification points of mutton white jade must meet five aspects: pure texture, fine structure, full head, color, white fat and heavy oil. The fine texture of the grease, "color such as cut fat", and the gloss of "often like fat," conforms to the implicit aesthetic concept of Chinese traditional culture. It is not flamboyant, unflamboyant and undazzling.

目前就有这样一枚和田玉（羊脂玉）玉玺展现在国内知名艺术网站上—虎拍艺术网。这枚玉玺是由和田玉中最优质的品种羊脂玉雕刻而成，羊脂玉是优质白玉，颜色呈脂白色，可略泛青色、乳黄色等，质地细腻滋润，油脂性好，绺裂较少，可有少量石花等，杂质一般10%以下，糖色少于30%。总重量为518.870g,密度是2.95g/cm,光性特质为非均质集合体，白色，透明度为半透明至不透明，纤维交织结构,质地细腻。这枚和田玉（羊脂玉）玉玺坚韧无比，颜色晶莹剔透，温润淡雅。它不但象征着“仁、义、智、勇、洁”的君子品德，而且象征着“美好、高贵、吉祥、温柔、安谧”的世俗情感。

At present, such a jade Hetian jade (Yang Zhiyu) is displayed on the famous art website in China tiger patten art net. This jade seal is made from the highest quality variety of Tian Yuzhong. The white jade is a high quality white jade. The color is white, green and yellow. The texture is fine and moist, the oil is good, the cleft is less, a small number of stone flowers are available, the impurities are less than 10%, and the sugar color is less than 30%. The total weight is 518.870g, the density is 2.95g/cm, the light characteristic is heterogeneous collection, white, transparency is translucent to opaque, fiber interwoven structure, fine texture. This jade Hetian jade (Yang Zhiyu) is very tough and its color is crystal clear, mild and elegant. It not only symbolizes the virtues of benevolence, righteousness, intelligence, courage and cleanliness, but also symbolizes the secular feeling of "beauty, nobility, auspiciousness, gentleness and tranquility".